Compare Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2007) - Burundi (2005)

Compare Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2007) z Burundi (2005)

	Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2007)	Burundi (2005)

Administrative divisions	none (territorial overseas collectivity of France); note - there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are two communes - Saint Pierre, Miquelon at the second order	16 provinces; Bubanza, Bujumbura, Bururi, Cankuzo, Cibitoke, Gitega, Karuzi, Kayanza, Kirundo, Makamba, Muramvya, Muyinga, Mwaro, Ngozi, Rutana, Ruyigi
Age structure	0-14 years: 23% (male 827/female 790) 15-64 years: 65.9% (male 2,352/female 2,288) 65 years and over: 11.1% (male 359/female 420) (2007 est.)	0-14 years: 46% (male 1,479,941/female 1,450,808) 15-64 years: 51.3% (male 1,617,864/female 1,653,331) 65 years and over: 2.6% (male 66,199/female 102,466) (2005 est.)
Agriculture - products	vegetables; poultry, cattle, sheep, pigs; fish	coffee, cotton, tea, corn, sorghum, sweet potatoes, bananas, manioc (tapioca); beef, milk, hides
Airports	2 (2007)	8 (2004 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2007)	total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways	-	total: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Area	total: 242 sq km land: 242 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes eight small islands in the Saint Pierre and the Miquelon groups	total: 27,830 sq km land: 25,650 sq km water: 2,180 sq km
Area - comparative	1.5 times the size of Washington, DC	slightly smaller than Maryland
Background	First settled by the French in the early 17th century, the islands represent the sole remaining vestige of France's once vast North American possessions.	Burundi's first democratically elected president was assassinated in October 1993 after only one hundred days in office. Since then, some 200,000 Burundians have perished in widespread, often intense ethnic violence between Hutu and Tutsi factions. Hundreds of thousands have been internally displaced or have become refugees in neighboring countries. Burundi troops, seeking to secure their borders, briefly intervened in the conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1998. A new transitional government, inaugurated on 1 November 2001, signed a power-sharing agreement with the largest rebel faction in December 2003 and set in place a provisional constitution in October 2004. Implementation of the agreement has been problematic, however, as one remaining rebel group refuses to sign on and elections have been repeatedly delayed, clouding prospects for a sustainable peace.
Birth rate	13.08 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)	39.66 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Budget	revenues: $70 million expenditures: $60 million (1996 est.)	revenues: $152.5 million expenditures: $187.7 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Capital	name: Saint-Pierre geographic coordinates: 46 46 N, 56 11 W time difference: UTC-3 (2 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November	Bujumbura
Climate	cold and wet, with much mist and fog; spring and autumn are windy	equatorial; high plateau with considerable altitude variation (772 m to 2,670 m above sea level); average annual temperature varies with altitude from 23 to 17 degrees centigrade but is generally moderate as the average altitude is about 1,700 m; average annual rainfall is about 150 cm; wet seasons from February to May and September to November, and dry seasons from June to August and December to January
Coastline	120 km	0 km (landlocked)
Constitution	4 October 1958 (French Constitution)	13 March 1992; provided for establishment of a plural political system; supplanted on 20 October 2004 by a provisional constitution approved by the parliament which extended the transition; a 28 February 2005 popular referendum ratified the new constitution which set ethnic quotas for government positions, and tentatively scheduled general elections for April 2005
Country name	conventional long form: Territorial Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon conventional short form: Saint Pierre and Miquelon local long form: Departement de Saint-Pierre et Miquelon local short form: Saint-Pierre et Miquelon	conventional long form: Republic of Burundi conventional short form: Burundi local long form: Republika y'u Burundi local short form: Burundi former: Urundi
Death rate	6.82 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)	17.43 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Debt - external	$NA	$1.133 billion (2002)
Dependency status	self-governing territorial overseas collectivity of France	-
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (territorial overseas collectivity of France)	chief of mission: Ambassador James Howard YELLIN embassy: Avenue des Etats-Unis, Bujumbura mailing address: B. P. 1720, Bujumbura telephone: [257] 223454 FAX: [257] 222926
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (territorial overseas collectivity of France)	chief of mission: Ambassador Antoine NTAMOBWA chancery: Suite 212, 2233 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007 telephone: [1] (202) 342-2574 FAX: [1] (202) 342-2578
Disputes - international	none	Tutsi, Hutu, other conflicting ethnic groups, associated political rebels, armed gangs, and various government forces continue fighting in the Great Lakes region, transcending the boundaries of Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, and Uganda in an effort to gain control over populated and natural resource areas; government heads pledge to end conflict, but localized violence continues despite the presence of about 6,000 peacekeepers from the UN Operation in Burundi (ONUB) since 2004; although some 150,000 Burundian refugees have been repatriated, as of February 2005, Burundian refugees still reside in camps in western Tanzania as well as the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Economic aid - recipient	approximately $60 million in annual grants from France	$92.7 million (2000)
Economy - overview	The inhabitants have traditionally earned their livelihood by fishing and by servicing fishing fleets operating off the coast of Newfoundland. The economy has been declining, however, because of disputes with Canada over fishing quotas and a steady decline in the number of ships stopping at Saint Pierre. In 1992, an arbitration panel awarded the islands an exclusive economic zone of 12,348 sq km to settle a longstanding territorial dispute with Canada, although it represents only 25% of what France had sought. France heavily subsidizes the islands to the great betterment of living standards. The government hopes an expansion of tourism will boost economic prospects. Fish farming, crab fishing, and agriculture are being developed to diversify the local economy. Recent test drilling for oil may pave the way for development of the energy sector.	Burundi is a landlocked, resource-poor country with an underdeveloped manufacturing sector. The economy is predominantly agricultural with roughly 90% of the population dependent on subsistence agriculture. Economic growth depends on coffee and tea exports, which account for 90% of foreign exchange earnings. The ability to pay for imports, therefore, rests primarily on weather conditions and international coffee and tea prices. The Tutsi minority, 14% of the population, dominates the government and the coffee trade at the expense of the Hutu majority, 85% of the population. Since October 1993 an ethnic-based war has resulted in more than 200,000 deaths, forced 450,000 refugees into Tanzania, and displaced 140,000 others internally. Doubts about the prospects for sustainable peace continue to impede development. Only one in two children go to school, and approximately one in ten adults has HIV/AIDS. Food, medicine, and electricity remain in short supply.
Electricity - consumption	46.5 million kWh (2005)	137.8 million kWh (2002)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2005)	0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2005)	15 million kWh; note - supplied by the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2002)
Electricity - production	50 million kWh (2005)	132 million kWh (2002)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Morne de la Grande Montagne 240 m	lowest point: Lake Tanganyika 772 m highest point: Heha 2,670 m
Environment - current issues	recent test drilling for oil in waters around Saint Pierre and Miquelon may bring future development that would impact the environment	soil erosion as a result of overgrazing and the expansion of agriculture into marginal lands; deforestation (little forested land remains because of uncontrolled cutting of trees for fuel); habitat loss threatens wildlife populations
Environment - international agreements	-	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Ethnic groups	Basques and Bretons (French fishermen)	Hutu (Bantu) 85%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 14%, Twa (Pygmy) 1%, Europeans 3,000, South Asians 2,000
Exchange rates	euros per US dollar - 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002)	Burundi francs per US dollar - 1,100.91 (2004), 1,082.62 (2003), 930.75 (2002), 830.35 (2001), 720.67 (2000)
Executive branch	chief of state: President Nicolas SARKOZY (since 16 May 2007); represented by Prefect Yves FAUQUEUR (since 28 August 2006) head of government: President of the General Council Marc PLANTAGENEST (since NA) cabinet: NA elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 21 April 2002 (first round) and 5 May 2002 (second round) (next to be held in 2007); prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; president of the General Council is elected by the members of the council	chief of state: President Domitien NDAYIZEYE (since 30 April 2003); note - NDAYIZEYE, a Hutu, was sworn in as president for the second half of the three-year transitional government inaugurated on 1 November 2001; Vice President Frederic NGENZEBUHORO (since 11 November 2004) head of government: President Domitien NDAYIZEYE (since 30 April 2003); note - NDAYIZEYE, a Hutu, was sworn in as president for the second half of the three-year transitional government inaugurated on 1 November 2001; Vice President Frederic NGENZEBUHORO (since 11 November 2004) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by president elections: NA; current president assumed power on 30 April 2003 as part of the transitional government established by the 2000 Arusha Accord; note - next presidential election is scheduled for 22 April 2005
Exports	NA bbl/day	NA
Exports - commodities	fish and fish products, soybeans, animal feed, mollusks and crustaceans, fox and mink pelts	coffee, tea, sugar, cotton, hides
Exports - partners	Spain 33.6%, Belgium 21.8%, India 18.3%, France 9.4%, US 7.5% (2006)	Germany 19.6%, Belgium 8.2%, Pakistan 6.7%, US 5.6%, Rwanda 5.6%, Thailand 5.4% (2004)
Fiscal year	calendar year	calendar year
Flag description	a yellow sailing ship facing the hoist side rides on a dark blue background with yellow wavy lines under the ship; on the hoist side, a vertical band is divided into three parts: the top part (called ikkurina) is red with a green diagonal cross extending to the corners overlaid by a white cross dividing the rectangle into four sections; the middle part has a white background with an ermine pattern; the third part has a red background with two stylized yellow lions outlined in black, one above the other; these three heraldic arms represent settlement by colonists from the Basque Country (top), Brittany, and Normandy; the flag of France is used for official occasions	divided by a white diagonal cross into red panels (top and bottom) and green panels (hoist side and outer side) with a white disk superimposed at the center bearing three red six-pointed stars outlined in green arranged in a triangular design (one star above, two stars below)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%	agriculture: 48.1% industry: 19% services: 32.9% (2004 est.)
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $600 (2004 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	NA%	3% (2004 est.)
Geographic coordinates	46 50 N, 56 20 W	3 30 S, 30 00 E
Geography - note	vegetation scanty	landlocked; straddles crest of the Nile-Congo watershed; the Kagera, which drains into Lake Victoria, is the most remote headstream of the White Nile
Highways	-	total: 14,480 km paved: 1,028 km unpaved: 13,452 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: 1.8% highest 10%: 32.9% (1998)
Imports	NA bbl/day	NA
Imports - commodities	meat, clothing, fuel, electrical equipment, machinery, building materials	capital goods, petroleum products, foodstuffs
Imports - partners	France 51.3%, Canada 31.8%, Belgium 4.1% (2006)	Kenya 13.7%, Tanzania 11.2%, US 8.9%, Belgium 8.5%, France 8.4%, Italy 6%, Uganda 5.6%, Japan 4.6%, Germany 4.5% (2004)
Independence	none (territorial collectivity of France; has been under French control since 1763)	1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian administration)
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	18% (2001)
Industries	fish processing and supply base for fishing fleets; tourism	light consumer goods such as blankets, shoes, soap; assembly of imported components; public works construction; food processing
Infant mortality rate	total: 7.21 deaths/1,000 live births male: 8.26 deaths/1,000 live births female: 6.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)	total: 69.29 deaths/1,000 live births male: 75.87 deaths/1,000 live births female: 62.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	8.1% (2005)	8.5% (2004 est.)
International organization participation	UPU, WFTU	ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, CEPGL, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (subscriber), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Irrigated land	NA	740 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Superior Tribunal of Appeals or Tribunal Superieur d'Appel	Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; Constitutional Court; Courts of Appeal (there are three in separate locations); Tribunals of First Instance (17 at the province level and 123 small local tribunals)
Labor force	3,450 (2005)	2.99 million (2002)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture: 18% industry: 41% services: 41% (1996 est.)	agriculture 93.6%, industry 2.3%, services 4.1% (2002 est.)
Land boundaries	0 km	total: 974 km border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 233 km, Rwanda 290 km, Tanzania 451 km
Land use	arable land: 12.5% permanent crops: 0% other: 87.5% (2005)	arable land: 35.05% permanent crops: 14.02% other: 50.93% (2001)
Languages	French (official)	Kirundi (official), French (official), Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area)
Legal system	the laws of France, where applicable, apply	based on German and Belgian civil codes and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch	unicameral General Council or Conseil General (19 seats, 15 from Saint Pierre and four from Miquelon; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms) elections: elections last held 19 and 26 in March 2006 (next to be held in March 2012) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - AD 16, Cap sur l'Avenir 2, SPM Ensemble 1 note: Saint Pierre and Miquelon elect one seat to the French Senate; elections last held 26 September 2004 (next to be held in September 2013); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UMP 1; Saint Pierre and Miquelon also elects one seat to the French National Assembly; elections last held, first round - 9 June 2002, second round - 16 June 2002 (next to be held in 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UDF 1	bicameral, consists of a National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (expanded from 121 to approximately 140 seats under the transitional government inaugurated 1 November 2001; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and a Senate (54 seats; term length is undefined, the current senators will likely serve out the three-year transition period) elections: last held 29 June 1993 (next was scheduled to be held in 1998, but was suspended by presidential decree in 1996; elections are currently planned to be held by April 2005) election results: percent of vote by party - FRODEBU 71.04%, UPRONA 21.4%, other 7.56%; seats by party - FRODEBU 65, UPRONA 16, civilians 27, other parties 13
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 78.76 years male: 76.41 years female: 81.23 years (2007 est.)	total population: 50.29 years male: 49.61 years female: 50.99 years (2005 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99% male: 99% female: 99% (1982 est.)	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 51.6% male: 58.5% female: 45.2% (2003 est.)
Location	Northern North America, islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, south of Newfoundland (Canada)	Central Africa, east of Democratic Republic of the Congo
Map references	North America	Africa
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm	none (landlocked)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of France	-
Military branches	-	National Defense Force (Forces de Defense Nationales, FDN): Army (includes Naval Detachment and Air Wing), National Gendarmerie (2005)
Military expenditures - dollar figure	-	$38.7 million (2004)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	-	6% (2004)
National holiday	Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)	Independence Day, 1 July (1962)
Nationality	noun: Frenchman(men), Frenchwoman(women) adjective: French	noun: Burundian(s) adjective: Burundian
Natural hazards	persistent fog throughout the year can be a maritime hazard	flooding, landslides, drought
Natural resources	fish, deepwater ports	nickel, uranium, rare earth oxides, peat, cobalt, copper, platinum, vanadium, arable land, hydropower, niobium, tantalum, gold, tin, tungsten, kaolin, limestone
Net migration rate	-4.97 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Political parties and leaders	Archipelago Tomorrow or AD affiliated with UDF/RPR list; Cap sur l'Avenir affiliated with PRG; Left Radical Party or PRG; Rassemblement pour la Republique or RPR (now UMP); Saint Pierre and Miquelon 2000/Avenir Miquelon or SPM 2000/AM; Socialist Party or PS; Union pour la Democratie Francaise or UDF	the three national, mainstream, governing parties are: Unity for National Progress or UPRONA [Jean-Baptiste MANWANGARI, secretary general]; Burundi Democratic Front or FRODEBU [Jean MINANI, president]; National Council for the Defense of Democracy, Front for the Defense of Democracy of CNDD-FDD [Pierre NKURUNZIZA, president] note: a multiparty system was introduced after 1998, included are: National Resistance Movement for the Rehabilitation of the Citizen or MRC-Rurenzangemero [Epitace BANYAGANAKANDI]; Party for National Redress or PARENA [Jean-Baptiste BAGAZA]
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	loosely organized Hutu and Tutsi militias, often affiliated with Hutu and Tutsi extremist parties or subordinate to government security forces
Population	7,036 (July 2007 est.)	6,370,609 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2005 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	68% (2002 est.)
Population growth rate	0.128% (2007 est.)	2.22% (2005 est.)
Ports and harbors	-	Bujumbura
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 0, FM 4, shortwave 1 (2001)
Religions	Roman Catholic 99%, other 1%	Christian 67% (Roman Catholic 62%, Protestant 5%), indigenous beliefs 23%, Muslim 10%
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.047 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.028 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.855 male(s)/female total population: 1.011 male(s)/female (2007 est.)	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.65 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	NA years of age; universal adult
Telephone system	general assessment: adequate domestic: NA international: country code - 508; radiotelephone communication with most countries in the world; satellite earth station - 1 in French domestic satellite system	general assessment: primitive system domestic: sparse system of open-wire, radiotelephone communications, and low-capacity microwave radio relay international: country code - 257; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	4,800 (2002)	23,900 (2003)
Telephones - mobile cellular	-	64,000 (2003)
Television broadcast stations	0 (2 repeaters rebroadcast programs from France, Canada, and the US) (1997)	1 (2001)
Terrain	mostly barren rock	hilly and mountainous, dropping to a plateau in east, some plains
Total fertility rate	2 children born/woman (2007 est.)	5.81 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate	10.3% (1999)	NA
Waterways	-	mainly on Lake Tanganyika (2004)

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